Changing front brakes Fiasco!

[Dave Dark]

Hello All! Hope you're enjoying the weather and riding!

I'm in Ottawa so I'm down for the winter. I decided to do some maintenance on my bike - specifically change the front brake pads. It did not go well. Maybe someone can help me.

I followed the instructions exactly and got everything off. As I did the brake pads fell out. I cursed myself because I wanted to see how they were set up exactly.

I played around to fit them back into the caliper. I noticed that the brake pad mounting bolt should fit through the cut out circle on the brake pads. I thought this was ingenious. So simple and straight forward. I decided to put the mounting bolt through just to see if that was right. Now the bolt is back on BUT it is now stuck. I can't turn it back out.

Does anyone have any ideas how to get out a stuck in bolt? Am I going to have to drill it out? Do I just need more elbow grease?

As well, how do I know if the pads are sitting properly in the calipers?

Thanks in advance for all your help!